生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤对产妇产后盆底康复效果的影响

目的探讨生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤对产妇产后盆底康复效果的影响。方法将56例初产妇按随机数字表法分成对照组与研究组各28例。对照组给予补中益气汤治疗;研究组在对照组基础上联合生物反馈电刺激治疗,两组均治疗6周。观测盆底肌相关电压、盆底肌力、尿失禁率、性生活质量。结果治疗后,两组盆底电位均值均显著升高,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组尿失禁发生率显著降低,且显著低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV级肌力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组性生活质量高水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤可有效促进产妇产后盆底康复,效果显著优于单独补中益气汤。     

针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺治疗中风后尿失禁的临床观察

[目的]观察针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺与常规针刺、常规针刺联合足运感区治疗中风后尿失禁的临床疗效差异。[方法]将90例患者随机分为治疗组、对照1组和对照2组,每组30例,治疗组予针刺足运感区结合膀胱体表相应投影区域电针围刺;对照1组参照全国高等中医药院校"十三五"规划教材《针灸治疗学》中有关"尿失禁"的治疗选穴;对照2组在对照1组的基础上联合足运感区针刺,每日上午行神经内科常规治疗,每日下午行中风后尿失禁的临床治疗,每次30 min,每周连续治疗6次,6次为1个疗程,疗程间休息1 d,共2个疗程。观察3组治疗前后尿失禁程度、尿失禁临床症状评分及日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分,并比较3组患者的临床疗效。[结果] 3组患者治疗后尿失禁程度、尿失禁临床症状评分及ADL评分均较前改善(均P0.05),治疗组对尿失禁程度及尿失禁临床症状评分的改善较其他两组更明显(P0.05),且治疗组和对照2组的ADL评分明显优于对照1组(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率为93.3%(30/28),优于对照1组76.7%(30/23)和对照2组83.3%(30/25,P0.05)。[结论]针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺治疗中风后尿失禁疗效显著。     

Human papillomavirus and urinary bladder cancer revisited

This review aims to present data on the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and urinary bladder cancer (BC), especially of the subtype squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, the current data on the relation between p16, HPV, and BC are reviewed. PubMed was searched for ‘Humans’ [MESH] AND ‘Papillomaviridae’ [MESH] AND ‘Urinary Bladder Neoplasms’ [MESH], resulting in 157 potential articles. After profound reviewing, 18 articles were included in this review. Only original articles in English were included. A variable number of HPV genotypes in a small number of cases have been investigated in several studies with various methodology. HPV was present in 0–100% of cases depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. SCC studies are mostly hampered by low number of cases whereas the few studies with a high number show a slightly higher prevalence of different HPV genotypes compared to pure urothelial carcinoma. Studies on p16 status in HPV positive cases are even more scarcely reported and show conflicting results. Most studies fail to prove clear-cut relevance of HPV in BC irrespectively of histological subtype. Negative p16 staining cannot rule out positive HPV status.     

造口护理辅助用品在大便失禁患者中的应用

目的观察造口护理辅助用品(皮肤保护膜、造口护肤粉、改良一件式造口袋)对大便失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)的防治效果。方法选择2017年3月-2018年2月本院神经外科大便失禁患者31例作为观察组,使用造口护理辅助用品进行护理;采用回顾性对照方法,将2016年3月-2017年2月本院神经外科具有同质性的大便失禁患者30例作为对照组,使用氧化锌软膏联合一次性护理垫。观察两组患者IAD的发生时间、发生率、严重程度及治疗有效率。结果观察组患者IAD发生时间明显长于对照组,Ⅰ度皮炎4例,无Ⅱ、Ⅲ度皮炎发生,对照组Ⅰ度皮炎10例,Ⅱ度3例、Ⅲ度1例,观察组IAD的发生率为12.90%,明显低于对照组46.67%,严重程度明显轻于对照组,IAD治疗有效率达100.00%,较对照组42.86%明显提高,两组比较,均P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论大便失禁患者使用造口护理辅助用品可预防或延缓IAD发生,减轻IAD严重程度,提高IAD治疗效果。     

Outcomes of urinary diversion after surgery for locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer with complete cystectomy; ileal and colon conduit

IntroductionSurgery for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) or locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) may require total pelvic exenteration with the need for urinary diversion. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes for ileal and colon conduits after surgery for LARC and LRRC.MethodsAll consecutive patients from two tertiary referral centers who underwent total pelvic exenteration for LARC or LRRC between 2000 and 2018 with cystectomy and urinary reconstruction using an ileal or colon conduit were retrospectively analyzed. Short- (≤30 days) and long-term (>30 days) complications were described for an ileal and colon conduit.Results259 patients with LARC (n = 131) and LRRC (n = 128) were included, of whom 214 patients received an ileal conduit and 45 patients a colon conduit. Anastomotic leakage of the ileo-ileal anastomosis occurred in 9 patients (4%) after performing an ileal conduit. Ileal conduit was associated with a higher rate of postoperative ileus (21% vs 7%, p = 0.024), but a lower proportion of wound infections than a colon conduit (14% vs 31%, p = 0.006). The latter did not remain significant in multivariate analysis. No difference was observed in the rate of uretero-enteric anastomotic leakage, urological complications, mortality rates, major complications (Clavien-Dindo≥3), or hospital stay between both groups.ConclusionPerforming a colon conduit in patients undergoing total pelvic exenteration for LARC or LRRC avoids the risks of ileo-ileal anastomotic leakage and may reduce the risk of a post-operative ileus. Besides, there are no other differences in outcome for ileal and colon conduits.     

阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人盆底肌康复研究现状

目的研究阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人的临床疗效及对盆底肌的影响。方法选取84例从2016年9月至2018年3月本院收治的尿失禁老年患者进行研究,以随机抽签法将其均分为联合组及对照组,每组42例。对照组予以常规盆底肌训练治疗,联合组则予以阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗。对比两组在临床疗效、治疗前后盆底肌力情况、治疗前后尿动力学参数指标水平以及生活质量变化情况等方面的差异。结果联合组与对照组在总有效率方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组盆底肌力分级为Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级的人数占比相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组在VLPP、PMUC水平方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组I-QOL评分相比治疗前较高,且联合组相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。结论阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗老年尿失禁患者的疗效显著,有利于促进盆底肌力的恢复,且有效改善患者尿动力学参数,提高生活质量,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。     

Assessing the Clinical Benefit of UBC Rapid in the Surveillance and Initial Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that abnormal urine levels of cytokeratins 8 and 18 are associated with bladder cancer. However, the clinical benefit of the UBC (urinary bladder cancer) Rapid assay has remained unclear.Patients and MethodsWe performed the UBC Rapid assay and voided cytology in 336 patients—297 in surveillance for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer and 39 with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated by contingency. We also controlled for the patients with positive UBC Rapid findings but negative cystoscopy findings to prove the former’s ability to provide an anticipatory diagnosis.ResultsWe diagnosed 27 recurrences (9.8%). Overall, the sensitivity of the UBC Rapid assay was better for the higher risk groups and after adding the cytology findings. The only independent predictor of a positive UBC Rapid assay was the tumor size. Of the 81 patients with positive UBC Rapid findings without positive cystoscopy findings, 8 (10%) had developed a recurrence within the first year. Avoiding cystoscopy for the patients with UBC Rapid negative results could avoid 184 cystoscopies (66%) but would result in missing 7 of 13 high-risk recurrences.ConclusionsThe performance of the UBC Rapid assay improved with increasing tumor size. Limiting cystoscopies to patients with UBC Rapid positive results could result in a reduction in surveillance cystoscopies but could result in missing high-risk recurrences. Finally, the UBC Rapid assay was not useful for anticipatory diagnoses.